The tools:

The model reads the frame at about 3600 px on the long edge and gives every pixel a confidence; Sensitivity is the line those confidences are cut at. A second, finer pass runs on the repaired frame for small marks the first missed. On a soft scan a mark is often a little larger than the speck under it. Detect asks first if it would discard hand work. After Detect, pan the frame and refine the marks. Erase along edges you want kept, or add specks the eye catches at a glance.

Small specks fill from the film right around them; larger or edge-crossing marks go to an inpainting model; a hair or scratch is narrowed to the fiber first so only the fiber is replaced. Across a hard edge, it rebuilds the edge rather than averaging it away. Running Repair again re-lays your hand heals on top. Toggle Preview Repair (P) to compare before and after. Then zoom in and finish the smallest specks with the Dust Lasso.

It ranks everything inside the loop that stands off the film and refuses what it doesn't believe, saying so in the status bar. In a tight loop it reads your aim, so keep the speck in the middle, not at the edge. Only the speck is replaced, not the loop you drew. "Ask the model too" adds the dust model's opinion to the statistics. It is fastest on clear fields such as tintype backgrounds.

Under the stroke the detector re-examines the area at full resolution, where it can see fibers the whole-frame pass missed. A wide stroke over a thin hair goes after the hair, not the film around it. Small strokes heal better than big ones.

Unlike Heal, the brush doesn't second-guess you, so it's the tool for a defect you want replaced whole. [ and ] change the size.

No model and no guessing: what lands is the film you chose. Match tone keeps the source's texture at the level of the film around the stroke. For a hair along a lit chin or a scratch down a shoulder, picking the donor by hand is the way to continue the edge.

The area stays the same; only the source changes, taken from a ranked list of clean patches around the fill. ⌘Z steps back if a pass made it worse.

The stroke only says which line. The tool measures it end to end, which finds lines too faint to see in any one spot, and removes that offset. It also handles long straight scratches, such as the marks an auto-carrier leaves on a Frontier.

Before swaps what's displayed and nothing else. Visualize Spots is a plain high-pass of the picture, not the model's opinion, so it shows dust the model missed too.

Built from what you've brushed, swept, or had on screen at 75% or closer. Toggle it from the keyboard or the View menu. To mark a clean area as seen, double-click it with the Hand tool, or hold Space to switch to Hand.

Non-destructive and applied at export. Auto-Rotate uses the faces in each roll, and frames without one follow the rest.

Applied on top of the repair at export, so tone never changes what Detect sees. Auto Levels clips 0.10% at each end and leaves the midtone alone.

Hot Folder flags frames with far more or fewer marks than their neighbors for review rather than repairing them blind. Overwrite Mode (Settings ▸ Export) replaces originals in place, keeping format, bit depth, profile, and metadata. 16-bit in, 16-bit out.